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fjt_684975 - CONSULAT Nouvelle chambre de Justice de Lyon 1801

CONSULAT Nouvelle chambre de Justice de Lyon AU
120.00 €
Количество
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Тип Nouvelle chambre de Justice de Lyon
Дата: An III du Consulat
Монетный двор / Город: Paris
Металл: silver
Диаметр: 30 mm
Ориентация осей монеты: 12 h.
Вес: 8,61 g.
Век: cannelée
Редкость: R1
Ссылки в каталоге: :

Лицевая сторона


Аверс: легенда: LOIX SUR UNE TABLE ; À L'EXERGUE EN DEUX LIGNES : AN III. DU CONS./ 1801..
Аверс: описание: Lion dressé à droite, tenant un bouclier orné d'un foudre de la patte gauche et brandissant une massue de la patte droite, appuyé sur la table de loi.

Обратная сторона


Реверс: легенда: SOCIETATIS PRÆSIDIVM.
Реверс: Описание: La Justice drapée, debout à droite, tenant une épée levée de la main droite et une balance de la main gauche.

Комментарий


Frappe médaille. C'est Bonaparte qui est représenté sous les traits du lion au revers avec les attributs de Jupiter (bouclier orné du foudre) et d'Hercule (la massue) qui s'identifie ici, par un jeu de mot avec le nom de la ville.
Premier Consul, Bonaparte entame la seconde campagne d'Italie. Il prend Milan le 2 juin, bat les Autrichiens le 9 juin à Montebello et à Marengo le 14 où le général Desaix trouve la mort. Le 13 février, il crée la Banque de France et le 17 les préfectures avec 98 départements et 36.000 communes. Le 24 décembre, l'attentat de la rue Saint-Niçaise lui permet d'éliminer l'opposition jacobine. Le 9 février 1801, le traité de Lunéville avec l'Autriche permet de fixer la frontière sur le Rhin. Le 15 juillet, la signature du Concordat avec Pie VII règle le statut de l'Église. Bonaparte est nommé consul à vie en 1802. Il réorganise le Tribunat. La constitution de l'an X confirme ses pouvoirs. La paix d'Amiens, signée le 25 mai, consacre la paix avec l'Angleterre. Le 19 mai 1802, la Légion d'Honneur est créée et le 20, l'esclavage rétabli dans les colonies. Le 28 mars 1803, la loi de Germinal fixe la valeur du Franc pour plus de cent ans. Le 3 mai, Bonaparte vend la Louisiane aux États-Unis. Le complot royaliste de Cadoudal entraîne une répression féroce. Cadoudal est guillotiné, Pichegru suicidé. Le duc d'Enghien, enlevé le 15 mars, est fusillé le 21 dans les fossés du Château de Vincennes. Par sénatus-consulte, Bonaparte devient Napoléon Ier.

Историческая справка


CONSULATE

(9-10/11/1799-18/05/1804)

Supported by supporters of a strong power, Napoleon Bonaparte, victorious general in the Italian and Egyptian campaigns, overthrew the Directory on 18 and 19 brumaire year VIII (9 and 10 November 1799). The Revolution is over, the destiny of France now rests in the hands of a strong executive. A new constitution, the Constitution of Year VIII, comes into force in December. It defines the powers and reinforces Bonaparte in his role as strong man of the country: First Consul, at the head of the executive, he appoints to the main public functions, holds a certain power of initiative in legislative matters, and retains his role military. The Senate, the Tribunate and the Legislative Body compose three assemblies which possess the other part of the legislative function.. On November 11, 1799, Bonaparte took an important decision: he appointed Gaudin Minister of Finance. This one will keep his post until April 1, 1814, and will find it again during the Hundred Days. Restoring the finances of the State is the number one priority of the First Consul. Thus, the Banque de France was created on February 18, 1800. With the help of the Sinking Fund, the budget of France is restored in 1802. And in 1803, as part of the great monetary reform, the Franc, a guarantee of stability, was reborn, under the name of Franc germinal. Bonaparte's second priority is the internal pacification of the country undermined by the divisions born of the Revolution. To reconcile the French, several measures were adopted: freedom of worship, end of the sale of national property, amnesty for emigrants. Only the West of France remains unsubdued. Insurgencies and robberies enliven this part of the territory and compromise the hopes of the First Consul, despite the signing of a truce with the Chouan chiefs in November 1799. However, with the support of the clergy, the Vendée was pacified during 1800. The religious framework is then definitively inscribed as the main element of the stabilization of society.. Negotiations with Pope Pius VII lead to the signing of the Concordat of 1801. Sixty bishops, appointed by Bonaparte, and invested by the Pope, then settled throughout the territory. Catholic priests, also named, are now civil servants. Many dissenters rallied, others continued to stir up trouble, mainly in Brittany and Normandy, where the Royalists, aided by England, awaited the arrival of Louis XVIII.. Outside, another challenge awaits Bonaparte: to restore peace. The Austrians were defeated at Marengo on June 14, 1800, then at Hohenlinden on December 3, 1800. The Peace of Lunéville was signed on February 9, 1801.. On March 25, 1802, the Peace of Amiens was signed with the English.. In 1802, the Consulate took a new direction, more authoritarian. The Jacobins are excluded from political life (the most virulent are arrested by Fouché, Prefect of Police), the press is controlled, and the Royalists hunted down. It is in this context that the Constitution of Year X was adopted: it considerably reduced the powers of the assemblies, and named Napoleon Bonaparte Consul for life.. The foundations of the first Empire are in place.

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