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Live auction - fme_400026 - III REPUBLIC Médaille de la commission d’hygiène

III REPUBLIC Médaille de la commission d’hygiène AU
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Все ставки победителей подлежат комиссии 18%.
Оценить : 90 €
Цена : 45 €
Максимальная предлагаемая цена : 45 €
Конец торгов : 14 November 2023 17:12:16
Участников : 1 Участников
Тип Médaille de la commission d’hygiène
Дата: 1885
Монетный двор / Город: 75 - Paris
Металл: bronze
Диаметр: 51 mm
Ориентация осей монеты: 12 h.
Гравер OUDINÉ Eugène-André (1810-1887)
Вес: 58 g.
Век: lisse + corne BRONZE
Комментарии о состоянии
Très jolie médaille homogène mais probablement nettoyée

Лицевая сторона


Аверс: легенда: RÉPUBLIQUE - FRANÇAISE.
Аверс: описание: Tête de Céres à gauche, les cheveux retenus pas un ruban et tressés avec une couronne de lauriers et de chêne.

Обратная сторона


Реверс: легенда: VILLE DE PARIS - COMMISSION D’HYGIÈNE DU XME ARRONDISSEMENT // SOUS COMMISSION / DE L’ÉPIDÉMIE / CHOLÉRIQUE / M. DURET / 1884.85.
Реверс: Описание: Légende en 6 lignes horizontales ; légende circulaire autour.

Комментарий


Le choléra est une maladie strictement humaine, elle se manifeste par des diarrhées gravissimes entraînant une déshydratation rapide, souvent mortelle en l'absence de traitement. Elle se transmet par voie digestive en étant provoquée par l'ingestion de Vibrio cholerae. La maladie peut se présenter sous une forme endémique ou épidémique. Elle est endémique quand elle réapparaît régulièrement dans une même région ( Asie du sud, Afrique centrale ). Elle est épidémique quand elle survient de façon imprévisible dans des régions jusque là indemnes. Elle est pandémique quand elle touche plusieurs continents.
Chez les auteurs anciens, le terme choléra peut s'accompagner d'adjectifs distinguant le choléra européen du choléra asiatique. Le choléra européen dit aussi choléra anglais, cholera morbus, cholera nostras, choléra sporadique, choléra estival, n'étaient pas le choléra, mais un ensemble de gastro-entérites saisonnières avec diarrhées profuses probablement dues le plus souvent à des salmonelles. À partir du Moyen Âge, les Européens rencontrent ce qu'ils appellent le choléra asiatique, choléra indien, choléra malin, choléra épidémique, choléra algide (avec froideur cutanée). Après la découverte du vibrion par Koch (1884), et des autres agents de diarrhées infectieuses, ces adjectifs disparaissent progressivement, le terme choléra ne désignant plus que celui dû aux vibrions.

La France fut touchée par la deuxième pandémie de choléra au printemps 1832, après la Russie en 1828, la Pologne, l'Allemagne, la Hongrie en 1831, Londres début 1832. Ainsi en juin 1831, Casimir Perier, inquiet de la progression européenne de la maladie décrète des mesures de police sanitaire en réactivant, entre autres, les dispositions de la loi de 1822 sur les contrôles sanitaires aux frontières..
Cholera is a strictly human disease, manifesting itself through very severe diarrhea leading to rapid dehydration, often fatal if left untreated.. It is transmitted through the digestive tract, caused by the ingestion of Vibrio cholerae.. The disease can present in an endemic or epidemic form. It is endemic when it reappears regularly in the same region (South Asia, Central Africa). It is epidemic when it occurs unpredictably in previously unaffected regions.. It is pandemic when it affects several continents.
In ancient authors, the term cholera can be accompanied by adjectives distinguishing European cholera from Asian cholera.. European cholera, also known as English cholera, cholera morbus, cholera nostras, sporadic cholera, summer cholera, was not cholera, but a group of seasonal gastroenteritis with profuse diarrhea probably most often due to salmonella.. From the Middle Ages onwards, Europeans encountered what they called Asiatic cholera, Indian cholera, malignant cholera, epidemic cholera, algid cholera (with skin coldness).. After the discovery of the vibrio by Koch (1884), and other agents of infectious diarrhea, these adjectives gradually disappeared, the term cholera no longer designating only that due to vibrios.

France was hit by the second cholera pandemic in the spring of 1832, after Russia in 1828, Poland, Germany, Hungary in 1831, and London in early 1832.. Thus in June 1831, Casimir Perier, worried about the European spread of the disease, decreed health police measures by reactivating, among other things, the provisions of the 1822 law on health controls at borders..

Историческая справка


III REPUBLIC

(4/09/1870-10/07/1940)

The news of the capitulation of Sedan provokes the revolution of September 4, 1870 in Paris. Proclaimed at the Hôtel de Ville, the Republic is endowed with a provisional government called the Government of National Defense. Threatened on the left by the insurrection of the Commune and on the right by the monarchists, the new regime had a difficult start.. Initially head of the executive power (February 1871), Thiers was responsible for reorganizing the country before choosing its form of government.. He became President of the Republic in August 1871 and, despite his action to liberate the territory, had to leave his post in March 1873 in the face of royalist opposition.. He is then replaced by Mac-Mahon favorable to the restoration of the monarchy but this one is not restored following the question of the flag. The law of the septennat was then put in place in November 1873 and then, in 1875, the fundamental laws were passed which served as the Constitution of the Third Republic.. Parliamentary system, it is characterized in particular by the clear preponderance of the legislative power on the executive power. Anticlerical, the Third Republic makes school free, secular and compulsory but continues the colonial policy for its economic, strategic and moral ambitions. Separation of Church and State was passed in 1905.. The idea of revenge on Germany and significant nationalism are at the heart of the Boulangist crisis, the Panama scandal or the Dreyfus affair of the years 1886-1899, while foreign policy is very active, particularly in Morocco and that the arms race develops. The First World War was expensive for France, which only recovered from 1920 or even 1928 for the coin with the "Poincaré" franc.. The crisis of 1929 is felt only from 1932 but lasts until 1939, a period during which ministerial instability is very important. Wavering in 1934, the Third Republic found a new unitary cement with anti-fascism which enabled the Popular Front to come to power in 1936.. But, paralyzed against Germany, France was then bogged down in a "phony war" and then suffered one of the greatest defeats in its history in June 1940.. Gathered in the National Assembly in Vichy on July 10, 1940, the Chambers, although elected in 1936, voted full powers to Pétain in a sort of collective suicide by 569 votes for, 80 votes against and 18 abstentions..

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